Abstract

Natural remedies have played a pivotal role in human healthcare since time immemorial and continue to be part of the treatment of various diseases. Bael (Aegle Marmelos Correa) is an angiosperm that has been credited to possess treatment capability to cure diarrhea, chronic dysentery, constipation, gonorrhea, catarrh, diabetes, deafness, inflammations, ulcerated intestinal mucosa, intermittent fever, melancholia, and heart palpitation. The review deals with the antidiabetic action of Bael in experimental and clinical conditions. The data were collected by searching on Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, and consulting published material on Bael. The Bael contains several secondary metabolites including anthocyanins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, and quinones. The experimental evaluation has indicated that Bael is non-toxic and well-tolerated. Diabetes has been increasing due to lifestyle alterations and it is the ninth killer disease in the world. Bael exerts its antidiabetic action by increasing glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and β-cell function, and reducing HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance). Bael elevated reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase and reduced lipid peroxidation, and cholesterol. The antidiabetic action of Bael is mediated by a rise in PPAR-γ and consequent inhibition of TNF-α, NF-κB, Hsp70, PI3K/AKT, HIF-1α, IFN-γ and IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, MIP-1α, COX-I, COX-II, STAT-3, AKT, tyrosinase, and galectin-3 and consequently increase of PI3K, IL-2, JAK-STAT3, and DT-diaphorase. The review deals with the antidiabetic action of Bael (Aegle Marmelos Correa).