We report a study of 87 chronic hemodialysis patients, for an average hemodialysis duration of 8.41 years (range: 8 months to 32 years), sex ratio 1, 8, with an average age of 44.85 years. The prevalence of anemia is 66%. The average Hb level at 10.11 g / dl. The average of the ferritinemia at 493.44 ng / ml. Erythropoietin administred in 90% of the cases, and injectable iron in 38%. We included all chronic hemodialysis patients who had hemoglobin level lower than 10 g / dl and receiving a maximum dose of erythropoietin (300 IU / Kg / week) during the aforementioned period. The prevalence of anemia: 66%. The average Hb level at 10.11 g / dl. The average of the ferritinemia at 493.44 ng / ml (range: 12 and 5000). There are 12 cases resistant to erythropoietin. Hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of erythropoietin resistance (50%), followed by hemorrhagic causes (41.7%) and lastly, hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disease: 8.3%). In the population studied, the return to hemodialysis after renal transplantation does not constitute a cause of resistance to erythropoetin.