Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and insulin resistance. It is closely associated with obesity, chronic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Among various contributing factors, recent research underscores the pivotal role of trace elements, particularly zinc, in both the development and management of PCOS. Zinc plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including insulin synthesis, secretion, and stabilization, as well as modulating its receptor activity. It also functions as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes, mitigating oxidative stress and reducing inflammation-key contributors to the progression of PCOS. Studies consistently show that women with PCOS tend to have lower serum zinc levels compared to healthy controls, with a strong negative correlation between zinc levels and Body Mass Index (BMI). Zinc supplementation has demonstrated potential benefits in improving insulin sensitivity, fasting glucose, lipid profiles, and hormonal imbalances while reducing markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, discrepancies in findings regarding serum zinc levels may result from variations in study methodologies, population demographics, dietary zinc intake, and comorbidities. Future research should prioritize large-scale, longitudinal studies to establish optimal zinc dosages and investigate its synergistic effects with other therapeutic interventions, such as lifestyle modifications, dietary adjustments, and pharmacological treatments. A better understanding of zinc’s biochemical mechanisms may lead to innovative strategies for managing PCOS, alleviating its metabolic and reproductive complications, and improving overall quality of life for affected women.