Abstract

Among the most common species in soil ecosystems are nematodes and fungi. In addition to providing vital ecological functions, these two extremely abundant groups of creatures interact in various ways to support nutrient cycling and the stability of food webs. This review offers a detailed overview of the relationship between nematodes and fungi, focusing specifically on their effects on crops and ecosystems. The variety and evolutionary relationships of fungi that have close interactions with nematodes are covered in the paper, such as those that feed on them or act as a food source. Extensive research has been done on the diversity, evolution, and molecular interaction mechanisms between nematophagous fungi and nematodes, concentrating on those that create specialized nematode-trapping devices. A few nematodes and fungi are important pests and pathogens that harm crop plants. The article provides an overview of the ecological and molecular mechanisms that have been found thus far and that affect the interactions between crop plants, phytopathogenic nematodes, and phytopathogenic fungi, either directly or indirectly. There is also discussion of the possible uses of biological control in managing these interactions additionally soil-borne fungal diseases and phytophagous nematodes in agricultural fields. The importance of integrating biological control into sustainable farming practices is highlighted by looking at how biological control techniques might enhance productivity in agriculture and ecological stability. By understanding these relationships, researchers can develop innovative biological management strategies to reduce the detrimental effects of pests and harmful pathogens on crops.