Abstract

Rice-based cropping systems (RBCS) are critical for food security in many regions, particularly in Asia. The dynamics of weed flora in these systems significantly impact crop yield and sustainability. This review synthesizes current knowledge on weed dynamics in RBCS, emphasizing the influence of cropping practices, environmental factors, and management strategies. Key weeds identified include Echinochloa spp., Cyperus spp., and Phalaris minor, which exhibit varying dominance based on the cropping system employed. Factors such as tillage practices, crop rotation, and herbicide application play pivotal roles in shaping weed populations. Effective management strategies, including integrated weed management (IWM) approaches, are essential to mitigate weed competition and enhance crop productivity. The review also highlights the need for further research into the ecological impacts of weed dynamics and the development of sustainable practices tailored to local conditions. Weed flora dynamics in rice-based cropping systems influence both agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. This review explores patterns in weed population dynamics, the effectiveness of various management strategies, and their implications for sustainable rice cultivation.