The most common primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, or HCC, is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the United States, HCC is the seventh most prevalent cause of cancer mortality. Despite breakthroughs in prevention, screening, and new technology for diagnosis and treatment, the incidence and fatality rates continue to climb. Whatever the reason, the greatest threat for developing HCC is still cirrhosis.. Hepatitis B and C are substantial risk factors for developing cirrhosis. Alcohol intake is an important risk factor in the United States, with alcohol abuse five times greater than hepatitis C. The diagnosis is verified without pathologic confirmation.
At 6-month intervals, screening includes radiologic tests including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and serological indicators like -fetoprotein. There is several therapy options available, but only orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) or surgical excision is effective.
Carcinoma size, location, extrahepatic dissemination, and intrinsic liver function are taken into consideration while selecting a treatment approach. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive cancer that often develops in advanced stages alongside cirrhosis. To prevent HCC measures such as hepatitis B virus vaccination, blood product screening, safe injection practices, treatment for alcoholics and intravenous drug users, and antiviral therapy should be implemented. Continuous improvement in both operational and therapeutic approaches has significantly increased overall survival.