Abstract

Global climate change has recently emerged as a significant threat to agriculture. The rapid rate of climate change has led to increased temperatures, ice melt, rising sea levels, and extreme weather conditions, all of which directly or indirectly impact agriculture. Crop yields, irrigation requirements, water availability, soil fertility, and the incidence of pests, diseases, and weeds are all significantly affected by climate change. The changing climate also exacerbates the potential for soil erosion, reduces soil fertility, and lowers agricultural productivity, intensifying the challenges of the 21st century. Agriculture and climate change are interlinked, with a considerable amount of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, being emitted by agricultural and related sectors, thereby accelerating climate change. Key agricultural activities contributing to Green House Gas emissions include deforestation, livestock rearing, and fertilizer use. To sustain agricultural productivity in the face of climate change, adaptation and mitigation strategies are necessary. This can be achieved through various agronomic practices, including organic farming, agroforestry, and the application of manure.