Abstract

UACR has been recommended by different guidelines as an important parameter for regular and routine clinical checkup for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients and kidney disease patients and also to assess the morbidity and mortality of patients of cardio-renal-metabolic diseases of different types. More and more studies are being published across the globe establishing the association of other DM complications with UACR and there are also different studies in non-diabetic patients. Moreover, different researchers have also come up with data showing association of adverse outcomes with much lower value of UACR which is considered normal today. The purpose of this review article with 36 published articles, is to highlight the importance of measuring UACR across the continuum of all types of diabetic complications and to stimulate more research in this direction and also towards the issue of lower values of UACR are also related to adverse outcomes even in non-diabetic patients.