Abstract

Ursolic acid, it is a pentacyclic triterpene abundantly present in various medicinal plants, has garnered extensive attention for its multifaceted bioactive properties. It is widely distributed in fruits, leaves, herbs, and flowers. It has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential against diverse ailments, including cancers, inflammation, aging, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and liver injuries. This review focuses on ursolic acid’s structural attributes, natural sources, biosynthesis, and pharmacological effects, particularly emphasizing its hepatoprotective and cardio protective mechanisms. Most studies have explored ursolic acid’s impacts on peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, liver X receptor, farnesoid X receptor, and pregnane X receptor, revealing potent anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-cancer, cardio protective and hepato protective attributes. In vitro and in vivo investigations highlight ursolic acid’s efficacy in reducing accumulation of lipids in hepatic cells, mitigation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and preventing the progression of liver fibrosis. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into ursolic acid’s diverse therapeutic applications, underscoring its potential as a promising natural compound for combating a spectrum of health challenges.