Abstract

At present, despite the production of a variety of effective and available vaccines to prevent COVID-19, there are no effective antiviral drugs to combat the disease. While some of the drugs have recently been given an emergency use authorizations for COVID-19, conflicting information can be seen in some cases. Thus, a simple oral antiviral drug development has been an elusive target since the beginning of this pandemic. This review with help of some DATA base searching motors as PubMed, Google scholar spends on some clinical and basic pharmacology of Molnupiravir as antiviral drug. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical trials of molnupiravir administration in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. According to results of this review the safety, tolerability, and antiviral effects of molnupiravir have been shown to be effective in many clinical trials to reduce proliferation, accelerate virus clearance, and induce infection in patients with COVID- 19. Molnupiravir was originally designed to inhibit replication of influenza virus. It has subsequently been tested for activity against other RNA viruses. It is quickly cleaved in plasma to EIDD-1931 by host esterases, which is the active form of molnupiravir. After distribution in various tissues, it is eventually converted to the corresponding 59-triphosphate by host kinases, the active antiviral agent. Inside the host cell lines, molnupiravir is converted to molnupiravir triphosphate. When the coronaviruses tries to replicate, molnupiravir triphosphate is incorporated into the viral RNA instead of the nucleoside cytidine, causing a mutation. Recently, treatment with molnupiravir in phase III trials reduced the risk of hospitalization or death by up to 50% for patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms12. In this regard, there is a need for further investigation in patients with the underlying disease and also drug-drug interaction studies along with other treatments in large-scale clinical trial studies.