Abstract

Heavy metals pollution of the soils is the most challenging problem for the different ecological and environmental conditions. All the biological and organic compounds are degradable naturally but heavy metals cannot, so it leads to accumulation in the environment, which further causes several problems. Heavy metals are eliminated from the environment by plants (phytoremediation) and microbes (bioremediations). Microbes use different mechanisms for converting the toxic metals into the less toxic using their Enzymes or several types of adaptation techniques. Microbes can develop different kinds of heavy metals resistance via biosorption, precipitation, efflux mechanism, entrapment in extracellular, and reduction of heavy metals into less toxic forms. The present review article provides you with an overview of the principles of bioremediation, microorganisms of bioremediation, and strategies of bioremediation along with the future perspectives of heavy metals bioremediation by bacteria’s.