Abstract

Human DNA is the genetic material (blueprint) found in every cell except erythrocytes. Traces are found in body fluids (saliva, blood, semen, vaginal secretion, bones, teeth, hair, perspiration). It is unique to every individual and DNA typing methodologies are continuously subjected to scientific and legal scrutiny. Most of these typing methods are dedicated to nuclear DNA. It has been used as unique investigative material for forensic purpose since after Sir Alec Jeffrey’s who first introduced RFLP in 1985 which has been improved with the discovery of PCR in the mid-1980’s. RNA has been also studied as a better alternative to DNA. Regulations to the use of DNA has since been studied involving either its use in clinical research or in crime settings. With the advancement of technology, time required for DNA testing has been reduced from days to hours which made it possible to reduce the process of forensic investigation and judgment. Finally, fallacies always exist either due to sample size detected or due to multiplicity of subjects involved in the same sample.