Abstract

Cognitive decline poses a major health concern, especially for older adults, as many do not notice the initial warning signs, which can result in decreased quality of life and increased financial strain on society. Neural stem cells (NSCs) play a crucial role in sustaining proper brain function by aiding in the production of new brain cells, enhancing neural connections, and providing the brain with the ability to withstand damage. The aging process hinders the functionality of the NSCs, leading to diminished neurogenesis and a decline in cognitive abilities. Factors such as DNA damage, changes in the epigenome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the onset of cellular senescence contribute to this decline. Cognitive issues, especially in neurodegenerative conditions, are worsened by neuroinflammation and the inadequate elimination of waste products in the brain. This article investigates the function of NSCs in preserving cognitive abilities and examines how their reduction with age contributes to cognitive deterioration. The statement emphasizes the promise of stem cell therapies, small compounds that encourage the growth of brain cells, and lifestyle modifications to address age-related cognitive decline. The article supports the idea of launching a public health initiative that prioritizes early actions to promote neurogenesis, mitigate neuroinflammation, and improve waste clearance, which could greatly enhance cognitive abilities and overall well-being for elderly individuals. By leveraging these strategies, we can address both personal and societal challenges associated with cognitive decline.