Abstract

Automation and robotics have significantly transformed in-vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratories by enhancing precision, efficiency, and reproducibility in various procedures. Robotic systems standardize critical tasks such as sperm selection, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and embryo handling, reducing human error and variability. Advanced automation integrates microfluidics and artificial intelligence (AI) for applications such as sperm sorting, time-lapse imaging, and cryopreservation. These innovations enable accurate embryo selection, streamline workflows, and improve patient outcomes. Systems like BLASTO-chip and Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) enhance sperm selection accuracy and fertilization potential. Robotic ICSI minimizes oocyte damage while optimizing injection precision using high-resolution imaging and AI-driven motion control. Automated embryo culture with time-lapse imaging allows continuous monitoring and data-driven decisions, improving implantation success rates. Cryopreservation automation ensures consistency in freezing protocols and safeguards samples via robotic storage systems. Additionally, workflow optimization integrates multiple lab functions, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics to enhance efficiency and throughput. Challenges, including high costs and integration complexities, limit widespread adoption. Future advancements aim to expand AI applications, integrate omics-based profiling, and enable remote operation for global accessibility. The synergistic application of robotics, AI, and automation holds immense potential to revolutionize IVF practices, enhancing outcomes, reproducibility, and accessibility.