Abstract

As climate change accelerates, every sector, including healthcare, must adopt sustainable practices to reduce environmental impact. Anaesthesiology, as a critical component of surgical care, plays a key role in this effort due to its significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, waste production, and energy consumption. Anaesthetic gases like desflurane and nitrous oxide, with high global warming potential (GWP), are major contributors to climate change. Additionally, the high energy demands of operation theatres and the disposal of single-use medical equipment further amplify the environmental footprint of anaesthetic practices. The production and disposal of anaesthetic drugs, such as propofol, also contribute to CO2 emissions and aquatic pollution. Despite these challenges, there are substantial opportunities for reducing environmental harm within anaesthesiology. Practices such as low-flow anaesthesia, the use of sevoflurane (a lower-GWP volatile anaesthetic), and improved scavenging systems can significantly reduce the carbon footprint. Additionally, sustainable waste management, energy efficiency, and the adoption of reusable equipment can mitigate the sector’s environmental burden. Global initiatives, like the ASA’s “Greening the Operating Room” and the NHS’s “Greener NHS” program, underscore the role of anaesthesiologists in driving sustainability. In India, growing awareness and efforts, such as the Green OT initiative, reflect a shift towards greener anaesthesia practices. However, barriers such as resistance to change and lack of infrastructure remain significant challenges. Overcoming these requires continuous education, research into low-impact technologies, and systematic implementation strategies. Ultimately, anaesthesiologists, by adopting sustainable practices, can lead the way in reducing the environmental impact of healthcare, contributing to the broader goal of mitigating climate change while maintaining high standards of patient care. Through collective efforts, the cumulative impact of small changes can drive meaningful progress toward a more sustainable future for healthcare.