Abstract

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulators of protein function, influencing nearly every aspect of cellular behavior, from signaling to protein degradation. In the nervous system, PTMs play a vital role in synaptic function, affecting processes such as neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival. These modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, and glycosylation, are essential for the modulation of synaptic proteins involved in neurotransmitter release, receptor function, and memory formation. Dysregulation of PTMs can lead to aberrant synaptic activity and contribute to the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). This review discusses the various PTMs involved in synaptic function, their impact on neuronal signaling, and their role in the development of neurological diseases, with an emphasis on potential therapeutic approaches.