Journal of Criminology and Forensic Studies ISSN: 2640-6578
Case Report
Establishing Identity of Accused Person from Negative Image Fingerprint-A Case Study
Published: 2024-12-23

Abstract

The fingerprint science is the most positive means of identifying an individual. Fingerprint science provides positive identification and establishes the identity of a criminal with the crime. This study focuses on a unique challenge encountered in a high-profile impersonation case related to the Vyapam scam in Bhopal, India. The fingerprint captured on the Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) answer sheet during the examination is vital evidence related to the impersonation cases of various competitive/recruitment/ admission in higher education examinations, etc. In this case the questioned fingerprint recorded on the OMR answer sheet at the time of examination was not properly recorded, and intentional manipulation, including excessive pressure and deliberate distortion, was employed to obscure the true identity of the individual who submitted the fingerprint, so as to conceal the identity of the accused person/solver/impersonator as well as to mislead the fingerprint expert also. This manipulation resulted in a colour reversal phenomenon, or negative image, where the furrows were mistakenly interpreted as ridges, effectively creating a deceptive fingerprint image. This case is related to the Vyapam scam case in Bhopal, and the thumb impression recorded on the Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) answer sheet was found as a colour reversal image of ridge details. This colour reversal image of ridges appears as dissimilarities because the disputed finger is formed by the furrows instead of ridge details so that the identity of the accused person can be hidden easily. To overcome these challenges, advanced image processing techniques were implemented to enhance the quality of the distorted fingerprint. Through the application of specialized filters and image enhancement algorithms, the true ridge patterns are successfully extracted. Subsequent comparison of the enhanced fingerprint with the suspected individual revealed a positive match, thereby aiding in the identification of the suspected person/solver/ impersonator.

Keywords

Fingerprint; Identification; Solver; Impersonation; Investigation; Image Processing; Hide; Friction Skin; Ridge and
OMR Answer Sheet