Imprisonment has a close relationship with crime, criminals, and the justice system in every nation or state worldwide. It is a form of judicial punishment in which a person is kept under judicial custody in a prison. The Quality of Life (QoL) of imprisoned populations has long been a significant focus of forensic-clinical psychology and criminology. The present study aimed to assess the effect of life-term imprisonment on the QoL of prisoners by comparing convicted murderers with non-criminals. A total of 100 participants were purposively sampled, including 50 convicted murderers from Central Jail, Beur, Patna, Bihar, and 50 non-criminals from various districts in Bihar. Participants, aged 20-60 years, were Hindu males with at least a primary-level education. They were assessed using the WHO-developed Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF), which evaluates four domains: physical health, psychological well-being, interpersonal/social relationships, and environment. The obtained data were analysed using the t-test method. Statistically significant differences were observed between convicted murderers and non-criminals in physical health (Domain 1) and interpersonal/social relationships (Domain 3). However, no significant differences were found in psychological well-being (Domain 2) or environmental conditions (Domain 4). The results reveal that convicted murderers had poorer physical health but better interpersonal relationships compared to non-criminals. In conclusion, the findings indicate that life-term imprisonment negatively impacts prisoners’ QoL, particularly their physical health. These results underscore the critical need for interventions to address correctional shortcomings and improve the QoL of imprisoned populations.