Abstract

Introduction: Orthodontic relapse refers to the return of teeth and skeletal structures to their original positions after treatment, leading to the reappearance of malocclusion. This occurs primarily due to the failure of retention therapy and the inability of surrounding tissues to adequately adapt to the new positions. Although the exact causes of relapse are not fully understood, several factors such as unfavorable skeletal growth patterns, incorrect treatment planning or implementation, poor patient compliance, muscle functions, changes in arch form, and the effects of transseptal fibers are believed to contribute to this process. One of the most common reasons for relapse is inadequate or faulty retention therapy. The goal of retention treatment is to prevent the regression of the obtained results and maintain stability by applying passive retention techniques following active orthodontic treatment. General Information: Retention approaches in orthodontics have varied throughout history, with no single consensus among clinicians. There are two primary types of retention-passive and active retention-with both fixed and removable appliances being used to ensure treatment outcomes are preserved. Passive retention involves monitoring without the use of an appliance, relying solely on occlusal relationships to maintain tooth positions. Active retention involves the use of appropriate retainers to prevent relapse. Fixed retainers, often used in the lower anterior region, are advantageous due to their ability to provide longterm stability without patient compliance, whereas removable retainers offer more flexibility and aesthetic appeal but depend heavily on the patient’s consistent usage. However, long-term studies suggest that removable retainers may not provide the same stability as fixed ones. Conclusion: In conclusion, preventing orthodontic relapse relies heavily on selecting the appropriate retainer and ensuring longterm use. Fixed retainers provide long-term stability without patient cooperation, while removable retainers offer flexibility but require consistent patient adherence. Advances in digital technology, such as scanning and 3D printing, have enhanced retainer precision and customization, improving post-treatment outcomes. Educating patients about retainer use and maintaining regular dental check-ups are crucial for long-term success. Ultimately, proper retainer choice and patient compliance are key to maintaining treatment results.