Abstract

Acne is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit, featuring noninflammatory lesions (comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules), often accompanied by seborrhea. Its severity ranges from mild comedonal acne to severe nodular forms, primarily affecting areas rich in hair follicles. Various factors, including medications, environmental influences, and hormonal changes, contribute to its development, complicating treatment which may involve topical, systemic, or surgical approaches. Kojic Acid, derived from fungi, inhibits melanin synthesis and possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Niacinamide (vitamin B3) enhances skin barrier function and hydration, also exhibiting antiinflammatory effects. Transdermal patches offer a non-invasive drug delivery method, bypassing first-pass metabolism and ensuring sustained release. Combining Kojic Acid and Niacinamide in such patches could enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects and improving patient compliance. This study explores the formulation and evaluation of anti-acne transdermal patches using Kojic Acid and Niacinamide. The patches were prepared by blending Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with glycerol, Kojic Acid, and Niacinamide, followed by the addition of propylene glycol and Tween 80, ensuring uniform dispersion. The mixture was poured into molds, dried, and evaluated for thickness, folding endurance, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The patches demonstrated uniform thickness, high folding endurance, and substantial drug content, particularly in formulation F7. In vitro diffusion studies confirmed effective drug release profiles, highlighting the potential of Kojic Acid and Niacinamide transdermal patches as a novel, patient-friendly treatment approach for acne management.