Forensic science employs various scientific techniques to analyze evidence essential for crime resolution, with radiation-based methods particularly crucial. These methods utilize electromagnetic radiation and subatomic particles to detect, identify, and quantify substances precisely. This review delves into the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of radiationbased techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), neutron activation analysis (NAA), gamma spectroscopy, and computed Tomography (CT). Each method offers unique benefits, such as non-destructive analysis and high sensitivity, though they require specialized equipment and safety protocols. Recent advancements in portable devices and imaging algorithms have improved accessibility and accuracy, facilitating on-site analyses and detailed imaging. Future developments include integrating AI for data analysis, creating hybrid techniques, and refining portable technologies, all aimed at enhancing forensic science by improving the precision and efficiency of evidence examination to support justice..