Abstract

One of the most important achievements in formulation of electrolytic systems is the discovery of Generalized Electron Balance (GEB) [1], as an equation (unknown earlier in Science) completing the set of equations needed for thermodynamic solving electrolytic redox systems of any degree of complexity, i.e., equilibrium, metastable and kinetic systems, in mono-phase, two-phase, multiphase, and multi-solvent media. Redox and non-redox systems are resolved according to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES) [2,3], formulated by Michałowski (1992); for redox systems, the acronym GATES/GEB is applied.