Abstract

The story which is commonly happened in the hospitals every day is the variability of drug response among patients which ranged between failure of treatment to adverse drug reactions and toxicities and may be death. For examples, ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) that improve symptoms and survival in cases of congestive heart failure (CHF) and also in treatment of hypertension, the % of non-respondents ranged between 10 and 30% while in case of other drugs like B-2 agonists used in treatment of asthma are ranged between 40-70%.